کاربرد حروف نامعین a/an و حرف معین The

قبل از اسامی از حروف تعریف نامعین(َA or An) یا حرف تعریف معین (The ) استفاده می کنیم.

کاربرد:Aقبل ازاسامیقابل شمارش، مفرد، و نامشخص(ناشناس).

I sawaman in the street. (A men)

I drinkacup of coffee. (A coffee)

I sawalion at the zoo. It isaused car. He isausual teacher. I visitedaone eyed man. It wasahorrible event. She isauniversity student.

کاربردAn:قبل از اسامیقابل شمارش، مفرد، و نامشخص(ناشناس).به شرط آنکه کلمه با صداهای صدادارخوانده شود:(a, e, i, o, u)

Anunusual teacher,anegg,anapple,anold man,anhour,anhonorable person,aunion,aone way street,aewe,aEuropean country. There isanL in the wordlight. She isanEnglish woman. (An English)

کاربرد:Theقبل ازاسامیمفرد یا جمع، مشخص(شناخته شده)، و خاص.

1-اگر اسمی در متن بیش از یک بار قید شود نیاز به حرف تعریفtheدارد:

On the way home, I sawaman.Theman hadadog.Thedog was barking...

2-اسامی در مفهوم کلی نیاز به حرف تعریف ندارند، اما در اشاره به یک چیز خاص نیاز بهtheدارند:

Lions are wild animals.Thelion was angry.

Gold is an expensive metal.Thegold in your ring is of poor quality.

I donrsquo;t like coffee. I donrsquo;t likethecoffee your mother makes.

3-با چهار جهت اصلی ازtheاستفاده میکنیم:

The sun rises intheeast and sets inthewest.

4-با اشیاء آشنا وچیزهای طبیعی ازtheاستفاده می کنیم:

He walked intothehouse and hung his coat inthecloset. They were sailing alongtheriver watchingtheclouds inthesky. She ran out ofthepark and shutthedoor.

Theplanet,themoon,theearth,thearmy,thenavy,theUN,thestars,thesun,theworld,theglobe,theuniverse,thegalaxy,theequator,thenorth pole,thesouth pole,themiddle east,thenear east,thesolar system,themilky way,thecivil war,thestore,thestreet,theclothes,theNew York Times,themiddle ages,theflu,theprime minister,theexecutive,thedemocratic party,thedemocrats.

The rivers:theRhine,theNile,theMississippi River.

The seas:theCaspian Sea,theRed sea,theBlack sea,theMediterranean sea.

The oceans:thepacific ocean,theAtlantic.

The canals:theSuez Canal,thePanama Canal,theEnglish Channel,

The mountains:theAlps,theAlborz,theRocky Mountains.رشتهکوه ها

5-قبل از صفات ترتیبی ازtheاستفاده می کنیم:

Thefirst book on the shelf is mine andthesecond is yours.

Thefifth lesson,thebest way,thethird,theninth day...

6-قبل از صفات عالی (تفضیلی) ازtheاستفاده می کنیم:

She isthekindest girl that I have ever seen.

Thebest,themost expensive,therichest,thehappiest...

7-مرجع ضمایر موصول معمولا همراه باtheمی باشد:

Thewoman who is standing near the board is our teacher.Themagazines which are on the radio are his. He istheman whom you telephoned.

8-اگر وسیله موسیقی نواخته شود همراه باtheمی باشد ولی اگر نواخته نشودtheنمی خواهد:

At the party he playedthepiano and I playedtheviolin. I bought a guitar yesterday.

9-برای بیان تمام خانواده ازtheاستفاده می کنیم:

We invitedtheBrowns to dinner. We invited Mr. Brown to dinner.

10-صفت تفضیلی,The +.....صفت تفضیلی+The

Thesooner,thebetter.The harderhe works,the lesshe succeeds.The prettierthe girl,the morefoolish she behaves.

11-Theقبل از صفات زمان و مکان:

A student inthe lastrow was asleep. Onthe nextday he gave his lecture/ he will give his lecture next week/ he gave his lecture last week.

Thepresent,thefollowing,thefuture,thebeginning,themiddle,theend, atthemoment, forthetime being, duringtheyear,thetop,thebottom,theback,thefront,theoutside,theinside.

12-قبل از زبان ها ازtheاستفادهنمی کنیم: (مگر اینکه کلمهlanguageهمراه با آن باشد.)

I studied English in Iran.

I liketheEnglish language more thantheFrench language.

13-چنانچه صفات ذیل همراه باtheباشند، مفهوم جمعدارند:

)ThePortuguese,theEnglish, andtheFrench people...اهل پرتقال): صفات ملیتی

TheEnglish seldom speak at breakfast.

TheJapanese have many things in common withthechines.

The poorget poorer andtherichget richer.

After the battle we buriedthe dead.(Living, sick, deaf, blind ...)

14-قبل از وعده های غذایی عام ازtheاستفادهنمی کنیم:

Mom is fixing lunch. Breakfast is at 6:30. I usually eat salad for dinner.

But:thedinnerwas held at the Grand Hotel.

15-استفاده ازtheقبل از فصول اختیاری است:

He likes(the)summer more than(the)autumn.

) But:she was killed in a car crashin the winterof 1999.فصل خاص)

16-قبل از عنوان بازی ها ازtheاستفادهنمی کنیم:

He likes football but hates baseball.

17-قبل ازماه ها ازtheاستفادهنمی کنیم:

She was born in September.

18-اسامی کشورها، کوه ها، قله ها، قاره ها، شهر ها، استان ها، دریاچه ها، جزایر، و پارک ها نیازی بهtheندارند:

Peru, Japan, Korea.But:theSudan,theNetherlands,theArgentina,theYemen.

Iran is a vast country. Italy, Germany, Austria, and France are all European countries.

But:theIslamic Republic of Iran,(Of phrase):theRepublic of china,theGulf of Mexico,theUniversity of Pennsylvania,thestate of New York,theRepublic of Korea.

Everest, Damavand, California, Florida, Lake Michigan, Khorasan, Central park, Forty second street, and Coney Island

But:thePhilippine Islands, the United States,theGreat Lakes,theBalkans(plural names).

19-قبل از کلمات زیرtheبکار نمی رود. اما اگر باtheبیایند یک مفهوم ثانویه را مطرح می کنند:

School, college, university, church, hospital, prison, jail, market...

) He went to school.به مدرسه برای تحصیل میرود.)

He went totheschool.(به مدرسه برای کار دیگری میرود نه تحصیل)

) We went totheprison to visit him.به زندان برای ملاقات میروند نه برای اینکه زندانی شوند)

20-کاربرد های دیگر:

Most of thestudents passed the examination.(All of the, many of the, one-third of the...)

The main reasonfor her resignation was her bad health.(The only, the chief, the principal)